Day 96: Hannah's Prayer

Today's readings: 1 Samuel 1-2 and Psalm 149.

I. 1 Samuel 1 begins with introducing Hannah, the second wife of Elkanah. She had been barren and repeatedly mocked for that fact by the other wife. Yet, God heard her prayers and blessed her with the birth of Samuel, who was dedicated to Him and later became His prophet.

In the next chapter, Hannah gives a beautiful prayer/song of thanksgiving to God, reminiscent of the Magnificat much later. Young Samuel went to serve the Lord under Eli at Shiloh. Poor Eli has "worthless sons," though, who sinfully abused their own priestly offices. Samuel remains faithful, doing his duties with diligence and care. His mother would visit, and she was also blessed with more children. Eli rebukes his sons to no avail. At the end of the chapter, a "man of God" visits and gives a prophecy of judgment: Eli's priestly line would suffer and die prematurely. His sons would both die on the same day, and God would raise up a faithful priest to serve Him. 

The BIY Companion, Vol I, gives some commentary on this:

We will hear much about Eli, whose actions are not always exemplary... Instead of following through in disciplining his sons for their bad behavior, Eli just rebukes them and lets them be. As a result of Eli's negligence, the blessing will pass away from his family, as we will see. (p. 204)

II. Psalm 149 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A psalm of praise that interweaves themes of worship and warfare. The faithful of Israel, called the "sons of Zion," sing praise to the Lord and express their readiness to serve the Lord, even by means of military action. (p. 957)

That's all for today!

Day 95: The Sin of Benjamin

Today's readings: Judges 19-21 and Psalm 148.

I. Judges 19 is an odd and disturbing story that shows how far Israel had fallen spiritually and morally during this period. It begins with a Levite having a dispute with his concubine, who leaves him to go to her father's house. After a bit, he goes after her to reconcile and is welcomed by the father, who delays his departure a few times (why, I don't know). Eventually, the Levite does leave, with his concubine. They stay in Gibeah, thinking that it would be safer than Jerusalem for the night. Unfortunately for them, they couldn't find anywhere to stay, and no one offered them hospitality (a big taboo in the Ancient World). An old man finally did and brought them to his house. In a scene reminiscent of Sodom in Genesis, some wicked men surrounded the house and demanded that the Levite be handed over so they could have their way with him. The old man refused, but then offered his own daughter and the concubine to them instead. The wicked men abuse them all night, and in the morning, the concubine falls dead at the doorway. This was bad enough, but now it gets even darker. The Levite takes her body home, carves it up into 12 pieces, and sends these remains throughout Israel to evoke outrage over what had happened.

Disturbing.

It worked though. In the next chapter, the other tribes of Israel attack the tribe of Benjamin for the atrocity at Gibeah. They demanded that the wicked men be handed over, but were refused. The Israelites seek God's guidance and then attack. They were defeated, consulted the Lord again, and then were victorious. Thousands died on both sides, and Gibeah was destroyed by fire. The wicked men should have been handed over, but instead they deemed tribal loyalty more important than justice. More tragically, Israel is spiritually compromised and tearing itself apart.

Judges 21 concludes the book with a sense of tragedy instead of triumph. The tribe of Benjamin was nearly wiped out in the civil war. Israel regretted the bloodshed but felt trapped by their rash oath to not give their daughters to any Benjaminites. To resolve the problem, they attacked Jabesh-Gilead, slew the men, and gave the 400 female survivors to the Benjaminites. To get the other 200 wives they needed for them, the Israelites abducted dancing young women at a festival in Shiloh. All the tribes return home.

Yeah, deeply compromised morally.

II. Psalm 148 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A psalm of praise in which all creation is called to glorify God. The summons begins at the top of the created order with the angelic realm and works down from the sky above to the earth below, reaching to the depths of the sea. Living and nonliving creatures are participants in this cosmic chorus of praise. Israel, in particular, is the people whose mission is the worship of the one true God. Psalm 148 is one of the primary inspirations behind the Song of the Three Young Men in Dan 3:28-68. (p. 956)

That's it for today!

Day 94: Samson and Delilah

Today's readings: Judges 16-18 and Psalm 147.

I. Judges 16 recounts the final events in the life of Samson. He falls in love with another Philistine woman, this time Delilah. Unbeknownst to him, Delilah was bribe her to learn the secret of Samson's strength. He apparently doesn't fully trust her, so he misleads her three times, defeating Philistine soldiers who thought they had found out the secret. 

At this point in the story, I have to wonder just how smart Samson really is, or perhaps how much he was thinking with the "other head" instead of the one on his shoulders. First, she's a pagan from the enemy nation. He gets clear evidence of her betraying him three times, yet doesn't leave her. Samson wouldn't have known that she was being bribed, but her betrayals should have given him a clue. On the other hand, we all can be blinded by our sins and passions, so it's difficult not to feel for the guy since his weaknesses are still being shared around the world about 3,100 years later.

Back to the story. Samson finally tells Delilah the real secret, which she passes on to the Philistines, then he is captured, has his eyes gouged out, and is forced to grind grain in prison. The Philistines gather at the temple of their pagan god to celebrate Samson's capture. He repents and cries out to God, and pushes apart the temple's supporting pillars, causing the building to collapse. He dies and, by this act, kills more Philistines than all those during his life. 

In the next chapter, there is an odd story about a man named Micah who stole silver from his mother and returned it after hearing that she had put a curse on whoever took it. There seems to be confusion about the law at this time because she takes some of the silver to have a graven image made for the Lord. Micah has a private home shrine to household gods? He hires a Levite to be the priest for this shrine. It's all a bit confusing to me and strikes me as very superstitious behavior. It could be that the latter is partly what was meant in this verse:

In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did what was right in his own eyes. (Judg 17:6)

Judges 18 continues the story of Micah and shows that the chaos had spread throughout Israel. The Danites wanted new territory and sent out spies to look for it. Laish was deemed vulnerable, and they conquered it, renaming it for their tribe. On the way there, they stopped off at Micah's shrine and stole the images and valuable items, and persuaded the Levite priest to join them. He did. The chapter ends with a shrine being established in Dan to house the stolen images and with the Levite priest appointed.

II. Psalm 147 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A psalm of praise. Four calls are issued to the covenant people under the names Jerusalem/Zion and Jacob/Israel. The Lord is worthy of lauds because he is the Builder, Protector, and Benefactor of the city and of people chosen by him. His care and attention to the natural world mirror his goodness to the nation of Israel... (p. 956)

That's all for today!

Day 93: Strengths and Weaknesses

Today's readings: Judges 12-15 and Psalm 146.

I. Judges 12 recounts the final events of the leadership of Jephthah and then briefly mentions three judges after him: Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon. Of course, there was violent intertribal rivalry, which plagued Jephthah to be sure before his death.

In the next chapter, we find the story of Samson, one of the most famous judges of Israel. His father, Manoah, and his wife both received an angelic visit telling them that they would bear a son who would be a Nazirite. The chapter concludes with the birth of Samson.

Judges 14 begins with Samson's marriage to a Philistine woman (mistake), his public career, and introduces the conflict between his divine calling and his own personal weaknesses. He was quite a character, what with slaying a lion, eating honey from its carcass, and killing Philistines to pay off a debt to others of their countrymen.

In today's last chapter, Samson has conflict with the Philistine rulers over Israel. First, his father-in-law had given away his wife to Samson's companion, offering a younger sister instead. He refused and, through some animal cruelty, destroyed Philistine fields with crops, vineyards, and olive groves. They were outraged and burned to death Samson's wife and father-in-law in retaliation. He slaughtered many of them in return, and after being handed over to the Philistines, killed many more with the "jawbone of an ass."

The BIY Companion, Vol I, has some good commentary on this:

Samson is not a particularly "good guy." He is a "hero" because he is strong, but he is not wise. He is consecrated, but he is not living a consecrated life... Though strong, Samson has many weaknesses, particularly his passions: his anger and lust will get him into trouble. Like Samson, we all have certain strengths and weaknesses. Rather than despairing about our weaknesses or dismissing them, we take them up to the Lord and ask him to heal us and purify us. We humbly ask him to help us so our weaknesses will not be our downfall, as they will be for Samson. (p. 198)

II. Psalm 146 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A psalm of praise. It invites the covenant people to look for help, not in earthly aristocrats, but in the God of Jacob. Trust in princes is misplaced and bound to disappoint; but trust in the Lord is a firm basis for hope. He is the world's all-powerful Creator as well as its all-benevolent King, who helps those who are powerless to escape their plight, such as those who are poor, oppressed, hungry, imprisoned, blind, sojourning, widowed, and orphaned. (p. 955)

There is a lot of wisdom in this psalm. Every mortal ruler or politician will let us down, for they too are human and fallible, capable of sin like the rest of us. Our complete trust, therefore, is far better for the Infinite, with God alone. 

That's it for today!

Day 92: Jephthah's Vow

 Today's readings: Judges 9-11, Ruth 4, and Psalm 137.

I. Judges 9 tells the story of Abimelech, one of Gideon's sons, and describes his rise and fall as a ruler in Israel. He began his usurped reign by murdering his brothers, which reminds me of many Ottoman rulers who would seize the throne centuries later. Yet he missed one, the youngest: Jotham, who would curse Abimelech and Shechem for this murderous sin. God must have heard him, because rivalry between the two arose within 3 years. Shechem rebels, Abimelech destroys it, and finally, Abimelech was killed while laying siege to Thebez.

In the next chapter, we are first given two judges who arose: Tola and Jair, leaders of Israel for 45 years of relative stability. What happened next shouldn't be too surprising given the narrative to date: Israel fell into idolatry again. God allows them to be oppressed by the Ammonites and Philistines as punishment. When the Israelites call out to Him in distress, He delivers this rather biting line:

Go and cry to the gods whom you have chosen; let them deliver you in the time of your distress. (Judg 10:14)

Yet, when they repent and "serve the Lord," God "became indignant over the misery of Israel." The chapter ends with the forces of Israel's foes encamped at Gilead, while Israel was at Mizpah, wondering who would lead them in battle.

In Judges 11, the answer is found. Jephthah, who had been driven out by his brothers for being illegitimate, was nevertheless chosen to lead Israel's forces. He was victorious, but had made a rash vow to sacrifice the first thing that came out of the door of his house. I'm sure he was thinking it would be one of his animals, but it wasn't. His daughter, his only child, was the first out the door. She was sacrificed as per his thoughtless vow.

The BIY Companion, Vol I, agrees:

"Heroes" of the Bible can be good and strong in some ways but can also be foolish and unfaithful. This rash vow of Jephthah is an example to avoid. We always want to make wise promises to the Lord rather than acting rashly. God does not desire the death of the living but that all might have fullness of life. (p. 196)

II. Ruth 4 concludes this charming short story of Ruth and Boaz with redemption, marriage, and the birth of a child who becomes part of the lineage of David and ultimately Jesus Christ. Boaz redeems Ruth, the two marry, and they have a son, Obed. The book ends with the genealogy of David down through Obed.

III. Psalm 137 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A lament psalm. Its setting is the Babylonian Exile in the sixth century B.C., when Jewish captives wept over the fall of Jerusalem and refused to sing songs of joyful praise at the behest of their captors. It ends with an imprecatory prayer in which the Psalmist expresses an intense desire for justice. His hope is that God's punishment on Zion's conquerors will equal the magnitude of the atrocities committed against its inhabitants. (p. 948) 

That's all for today!

Day 91: Gideon's Story

Today's readings: Judges 6-8, Ruth 3, and Psalm 135.

I. Judges 6 introduces Gideon, called by God during a period when Israel was being oppressed by Midian. Israel's plight was due to its sin against the Lord. Yet Gideon, who, in his own words, was from a clan that's "the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the least in my family," but was still called. This will happen again and again in Scripture, where God will use what the world considers weakest or lowest to do His bidding, as seen most clearly in the life of Jesus here on earth. That aspect is something I've always enjoyed. Gideon then took a bull, tore down his town's altar to Baal and the Asherah pole, built an altar to the Lord, and made a sacrifice to Him. The next morning, the townspeople were outraged, but Gideon's father defended him. The chapter ends with Gideon asking God for a sign that He will deliver Israel, which He grants.

In the next chapter, Gideon gathers an army of 32,000 to fight the Midianites and the Amalekites. Yet, God winnows Gideon's forces down to just 300 men by various methods. With this small force, Gideon attacks his enemies, who fled in terror. Two princes of Midian were captured and executed.

Judges 8 recounts how Gideon pursued two Midianite kings, routing their army again and capturing them. He also took revenge upon Sukkot and Penuel, who had refused food to his men. Then the Midianite kings were executed for killing his brothers. Gideon is offered the opportunity to rule over Israel, which he turns down. However, he falls into idolatry, whether intentionally or not, by fashioning an ephod out of captured gold. In his later years, Gideon subdues Midian, Israel enjoys peace for forty years, and he dies an honored man. Israel soon after, though, goes back to worshipping Baal instead of God and fails to show gratitude to Gideon's family.

II. Ruth 3 gives the climax of the story, with Naomi coming up with a plan for Ruth to seek marriage and protection from Boaz.

As the BIY Companion, Vol I, notes:

In Ruth 3, we see the "kinsman-redeemer" (goel) as a defined role in the life of Israel. If an Israelite falls into slavery, loses land, or is killed, a kinsman-redeemer will rescue him or her or ensure justice (see Lev 25:25, 25:48, Num 35). A kinsman-redeemer will also carry on the family name by marrying a childless widow (see Deut 25:5-10) - like Ruth. The role of the kinsman-redeemer is to buy people out of slavery. Through his passion, death, and resurrection, this is what Jesus has done. He has redeemed us from the slavery of death by dying and rising from the dead so that you and I can have eternal life. (p. 194)

Boaz acts as a kinsman-redeemer, a type of Christ foreshadowing His greater acts.

III. Psalm 135 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed): 

A psalm of praise. The Lord is worshipped for his sovereignty over the natural world and for his goodness toward Israel, evidenced by the election, deliverance, and victories given to his people in early biblical history. He is a God far superior to the idols of the nations, which are nothing but the lifeless creations of men. The psalm ends with invitations for the whole congregation to bless the Lord. (p. 946)

That's all for today!

Day 90: Ruth and Boaz

Today's readings: Judges 4-5, Ruth 2, and Psalm 134.

I. Judges 4 tells the story of Israel's deliverance from oppression through Deborah and Barak, and the defeat of the Canaanite commander Sisera. The end of this chapter reads a bit like Judith, in that Jael kills Sisera in his sleep, or perhaps the other way around. It's almost as if there were female Jewish assassins of the oppressors of Israel!

In the next chapter, we find the Song of Deborah, one of the oldest poetic passages in the Bible. It celebrates the victory over the Canaanites and praises God for delivering Israel. After the song, the chapter ends with this:

And the land had rest for forty years. (Judg 5:31)

A very violent, brutal time, but it does show that God can use unexpected instruments and rules over all creation.

II. Ruth 2 tells how God begins providing for Ruth and Naomi through the kindness of Boaz. It is fitting that Boaz's compassion will become ancestral to Jesus. He serves as a type or foreshadowing of Christ.

III. Psalm 134 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes:

A liturgy for nighttime prayer in the Temple. Continuing the theme of "blessing" from 133:3, it invites worshippers to bless the Lord in prayer (134:1-2) and invokes the Lord's blessings upon them in return (134:3). (p. 946)

That's it for today!