Day 90: Ruth and Boaz

Today's readings: Judges 4-5, Ruth 2, and Psalm 134.

I. Judges 4 tells the story of Israel's deliverance from oppression through Deborah and Barak, and the defeat of the Canaanite commander Sisera. The end of this chapter reads a bit like Judith, in that Jael kills Sisera in his sleep, or perhaps the other way around. It's almost as if there were female Jewish assassins of the oppressors of Israel!

In the next chapter, we find the Song of Deborah, one of the oldest poetic passages in the Bible. It celebrates the victory over the Canaanites and praises God for delivering Israel. After the song, the chapter ends with this:

And the land had rest for forty years. (Judg 5:31)

A very violent, brutal time, but it does show that God can use unexpected instruments and rules over all creation.

II. Ruth 2 tells how God begins providing for Ruth and Naomi through the kindness of Boaz. It is fitting that Boaz's compassion will become ancestral to Jesus. He serves as a type or foreshadowing of Christ.

III. Psalm 134 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes:

A liturgy for nighttime prayer in the Temple. Continuing the theme of "blessing" from 133:3, it invites worshippers to bless the Lord in prayer (134:1-2) and invokes the Lord's blessings upon them in return (134:3). (p. 946)

That's it for today!

Day 89: Israel's Cycle of Disobedience

 Today's readings: Judges 1-3, Ruth 1, and Psalm 133.

I. Judges 1 describes the period after Joshua's death, when the tribes of Israel continued the conquest of Canaan but did not completely drive out its inhabitants. So, in other words, only partial obedience to God's commands which leads to many future troubles as a result.

The next chapter explains why Israel's situation deteriorates after Joshua's generation dies. It begins with a visit by the "Angel of the Lord," who reminded Israel of what God had done for them and His command to destroy all pagan idols. They wept, but they would soon fall into idolatry. The end of the chapter recounts how God raised up judges, who would repent enough to sway God's anger, but then fall back into idolatry upon the death of each one, leaving God angry with them.

Judges 3 begins the story of individual judges during this time, and recounts the pagan nations that Israel allowed to remain in the land. They fell into grave sin, and God withdrew His protection from them in punishment. They suffered calamities as a result. At the end of the chapter, Ehud and then Shamgar brought relief to Israel in God's name.

We have, as the BIY Companion, Vol I, puts it: "a cycle of disobedience, distress, repentance, the Lord's intervention with a redeemer, and renewal" (p. 190). This is actually seen throughout much of the Old Testament.

II. Ruth 1 begins a story that occurred during these troubled times. Elimelech, his wife Naomi, and his sons go to Moab when a famine strikes Bethlehem. He dies, as do his sons, after marrying Moabite women. Naomi returns to Bethlehem, releasing her daughters-in-law to remain in their homeland. Ruth refuses, giving the famous line:

Entreat me not to leave you or to return from following you; for where you go I will go, and where you lodge I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God my God. (Ruth 1:16)

The women arrive in Bethlehem, with Naomi bitter over what has happened to her. 

As the BIY Companion, Vol I, notes:

The story of Naomi and Ruth shows that only true worship of the Lord and belonging to his covenant matters in the end, not ethnic origin. When Ruth proclaims that "your God will be my God," she is essentially converting, becoming a member of the covenant. Through the line of Ruth will come David, as well as his descendant Jesus. So the Savior of the world comes from a woman who begins life as a Moabite but who dies in covenant with the Lord. (p. 190)

III. Psalm 133 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes:

A wisdom psalm. It compares the blessing of family unity to sacred oil running down from the head of the high priest onto his vestment and to dew coming down from the heights of Mt. Hermon to moisten the hills of Zion. (p. 945)

That's all for today!

Day 88: Joshua's Last Words to Israel

Today's readings: Joshua 22-24 and Psalm 132.

I. In Joshua 22, the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are released by Joshua to return to their homes east of the Jordan River after helping the other Israelites conquer the Promised Land. They built a memorial altar to God by the Jordan River, which the others mistook for a rival altar for worship, violating God's commands. Because of this, they prepared for war, but peace was restored when it was explained that this was a witness to their faith in God, not a separate place for sacrifice. The zeal they have for God is good, but this episode shows how easily they can be led astray when misunderstandings arise.

The next chapter gives an exhortation by Joshua, years later and now an old man, to remain faithful to God and the covenant, warning that failing to do so would bring great calamity upon them in punishment.

Joshua 24 gives Joshua's final assembly of all Israel at Shechem and serves as the conclusion of the book. The mighty acts that God has done for Israel are first recounted, followed by Joshua challenging the people to choose whom they will serve: the pagan gods of their ancestors or the God of Israel. Israel chooses to serve God and renews the covenant with Him, and soon after Joshua dies at a 110 years old.

[A]s for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. (Josh 24:15)

II. Psalm 132 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes: 

A royal psalm. Its focus is twofold: (1) David's oath to find a permanent home for the Ark of the Covenant; and (2) God's oath to grant David an everlasting kingship over his people. These two halves of the psalm follow the story of David bringing the ark to Jerusalem (= 2 Sam 7). Solomon cited words closely resembling 132:8-10 when he dedicated the Temple (2 Chron 6:41-42). Psalm 132 is featured in the Church's liturgy as the responsorial psalm for the vigil of the Solemnity of the Assumption, reflecting the tradition that the ark is a type of Mary. (p. 944)

That's it for today!

Day 87: God Keeps His Promises

Today's readings: Joshua 19-21 and Psalm 131.

I. Oh no. Joshua 19 continues to give the areas allotted to the remaining tribes of Israel. Necessary to understand the history, but still a bit tedious.

The next chapter then describes the establishment of the Cities of Refuge, which God had commanded through Moses. This actually was more interesting to me as it shows the mercy of God.

Finally, Joshua 21 assigns some cities to the Levites, the tribe set apart for priestly and liturgical service. Unlike the other tribes, they didn't receive a territorial inheritance because God Himself was their inheritance. This shows that God cares for the well-being of his servants.

The BIY Companion, Vol I, notes:

These are more than just lists; they are historical records that touch on God's interaction with his people. The final lines today sum up the reason why all those tribes and places are presented: "The Lord gave them rest on every side just as he had sworn to their fathers; not one of all their enemies had withstood them ... Not one of all the good promises which the Lord had made to the house of Israel had failed" (Joshua 21:44-45). (p. 186)

II. Psalm 131 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A psalm of trust. It advocates humility as the proper spirit of prayer and the way to inner peace. The Psalmist renounces pride, compares himself to a small child feeling safe in his mother's lap, and encourages the people of Israel to draw close to God in the same way. (p. 944)

That's it for today!

Day 86: The Real Presence of God

Today's readings: Joshua 15-18 and Psalm 130.

I. Joshua 15 lays out all the territory for the tribe of Judah, the tribe from which King David and ultimately Jesus Christ would come. This includes Hebron, which was given to Caleb.

In the next chapter, all the territory for the tribe of Ephraim is described.

Joshua 17 describes first the territory for the tribe of Manasseh. The tribe of Joseph objects to how small their territory was, given how large their tribe was, which Joshua resolved by giving them the "hill country" as well.

The final chapter for today describes the territories for the remaining tribes, giving more detail for that which was for the tribe of Benjamin. 

To be honest, these chapters were somewhat tedious, given that the significance of the area names is mostly unknown to me. However, as the BIY Companion, Vol I, puts it, "these were real names with real people" (p. 184). Or, to put it another way, it was important to people who would help form the bulk of the Scriptures that mean so much to us today. At the very least, it could help us understand something about what else we see in Scripture.

II. Psalm 130 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A psalm of lament, traditionally known as the De Profundis (Latin, "from the depths"). It is the prayer of one who cries out to the Lord, waits for his forgiveness, and trusts that he will redeem his people. The nature of the Psalmist's sin is not specified; he simply expresses anguish over the spiritual distance that sin has created between him and God. Psalm 130 is one of the seven penitential psalms enumerated by Christian tradition... (p. 944)

That's all for today! 

Day 85: Fighting for Each Other

 Today's readings: Joshua 12-14 and Psalm 129.

I. Joshua 12 gives a record of the victories of the Israelites and lists the kings they defeated while taking possession of the Promised Land.

In the next chapter, the conquered areas of the Promised Land were divided among the tribes of Israel. It begins with an acknowledgement that some areas remain to be conquered, like the area controlled by the Philistines, but God promises that He will "drive them out from before the people of Israel."

Finally, in Joshua 14, the formal distribution of the Promised Land west of the Jordan begins. To Caleb, an old man at 85 but still vigorous, Hebron was given for his faithfulness to God.

The chapter ends with the line, "And the land had rest from war."

The BIY Companion, Vol I, has some commentary on this:

God actually commands war, which can be difficult to understand. Why is this warfare so violent and brutal? As we read in Numbers, it is because God knows that his holy people are going to be tempted to live as the people around them. God has a plan for the Chosen People, and he knows that if they simply try to coexist with the pagan nations around them, they will not fulfill it... God has revealed that this is a limited engagement with just the people of Canaan. Ultimately, God seeks the reconciliation - not the destruction - of all people. (p. 182)

II. Psalm 129 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes:

A thanksgiving psalm. It bemoans Israel's history of suffering and prays for the humiliation of its oppressors. The covenant people have long borne the hostility of the world, and yet the Lord has proven himself "righteous" by preserving them from annihilation. After acknowledging this divine protection, the speaker prays for God's justice against those who "hate Zion". (p. 943)

That's it for today!

Day 84: The Sun Stands Still

 Today's readings: Joshua 10-11 and Psalm 128.

I. Joshua 10 recounts several major events during Israel's conquest of Canaan. First, the king of Jerusalem forms an alliance with other local kings, all of whom fear Israel after their victories at Jericho and Ai, as well as the pacification of Gibeon. Because of this, they decide to attack Gibeon to remove them as Israel's ally, who appeal for help to Joshua. He and Israelite forces come and, through God's intervention, especially the stunning miracle when the "sun stood still," crush the coalition of Canaanite kings. Their armies are routed, and the kings themselves are all captured and hanged. Then, Joshua leads a series of victories against several southern Canaanite cities. The chapter ends with much of southern Canaan conquered, "because the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel."

In the next chapter, Israel defeats a large northern coalition of Canaanite kings, concluding the major military phase of the conquest under Joshua, though there would be more fighting later.

The BIY Companion, Vol I, comments on the great miracle of the sun:

Good science and good faith can never contradict one another because both are in pursuit of truth. Truth can never contradict truth. Some hold that the description in Joshua is a description of a day when the sun actually stands still... This is absolutely possible. It would be a supernatural miracle. God can do miracles. We also recognize that the Bible sometimes uses figures of speech or poetic language. The symbolic meaning here could be that the victory of the Israelites is like a battle that has gone on for two days... The last line of Joshua 11 says, "And the land had rest from war." That is what God wants for all of us. (p. 180)

Personally, I view this event as a literal miracle. It's not important to me, though, if someone views it more poetically. We shall find out for sure one day...

II. Psalm 128 is, as the Ignatius Bible notes (verse numbers removed):

A wisdom psalm. It declares that the "fear of the Lord" brings divine blessings upon one's farm and family. These are manifest in fields that produce a rich harvest and in a fruitful wife who bears many children. Beyond families that flourish, the Psalmist prays that Jerusalem and Israel will thrive in God's peace for generations to come. (p. 943)

That's it for today!