The celebration of Sunday observes the moral commandment inscribed by nature in the human heart to render to God an outward, visible, public, and regular worship "as a sign of his universal beneficence to all." Sunday worship fulfills the moral command of the Old Covenant, taking up its rhythm and spirit in the weekly celebration of the Creator and Redeemer of his people. CCC 2176
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Today's reading from the Catechism begins a look at the Third Commandment, on keeping the Sabbath Day holy (Ex 20:8-10; Deut 5:12-15). God rested on the Sabbath and hallowed this day for His chosen people after freeing them from bondage (Ex 20:11). In fulfilling the Sabbath and rising on the 8th Day, the Lord's Day is on Sunday. It is right that we take a day to rest from making money and labor to honor and worship God.
The Catechism Compendium summarizes for what reason the Sabbath has been changed to Sunday for Christians:
The reason is because Sunday is the day of the Resurrection of Christ. As “the first day of the week” (Mk 16:2), it recalls the first creation; and as the “eighth day”, which follows the sabbath, it symbolizes the new creation ushered in by the Resurrection of Christ. Thus, it has become for Christians the first of all days and of all feasts. It is the day of the Lord in which he, with his Passover, fulfilled the spiritual truth of the Jewish Sabbath and proclaimed man’s eternal rest in God. (#452)
Fr. Mike Schmitz has a good video on why we need to rest on Sundays:
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