Day 290: The Duties of Citizens

It is the duty of citizens to contribute along with the civil authorities to the good of society in a spirit of truth, justice, solidarity, and freedom. the love and service of one's country follow from the duty of gratitude and belong to the order of charity. Submission to legitimate authorities and service of the common good require citizens to fulfill their roles in the life of the political community. CCC 2239

In today's reading, the Catechism discusses the duties of citizens toward society. We have a duty in part to pay our taxes, honor the civil authorities over us, and defend our countries when the need arises (Matt 22:21; Rom 13:1-7). However, this does not include when civil authorities demand that we do something against God's moral law (Acts 5:29). In such a case, resistance for change, even in extreme circumstances taking up arms (CCC 2243), is appropriate.

The Catechism Compendium summarizes all this:

Those subject to authority should regard those in authority as representatives of God and offer their loyal collaboration for the right functioning of public and social life. This collaboration includes love and service of one's homeland, the right and duty to vote, payment of taxes, the defense of one's country, and the right to exercise constructive criticism. (#464)

The Catechism Companion Vol III has some good commentary on this: 

Romans 13 was composed in a context far from political tranquility. It does not align with the idea that Christians should be subservient to those in authority as a means to gain favor or gratitude for their leaders. St. Paul's message to Christians in Rome is particularly striking since he himself was martyred by the Roman government, yet he still encourages obedience to authorities, illustrating the contrast between the wisdom of Scripture and the world's wisdom. Citizens are not only expected to build up their country's well-being but also to do so with values such as honesty, righteousness, and liberty... The primary allegiance of Catholics is to God, and they are always obligated to obey God rather than human authorities, while also fulfilling their civic responsibilities. (p. 96)

This Byzantine mosaic depicts Mary and Joseph enrolling to pay their taxes before the Roman Governor Quirinius. Like the Holy Family, we have various duties and responsibilities as citizens of our respective nations (CCC 2240). (p. 97)